Family law deadlines rarely run from the day something happened. They run from a filing date, a service date or a signature date, and each one is different. This is the table we keep on the wall.
Almost every conversation we have in the first week is about a date. Which one is running, what starts it, and what happens if it passes. Here they are, in one place.
The deadline table
Situation
Period
Runs from
Authority
Divorce
60 days minimum
The date the Original Petition is file-stamped
Tex. Fam. Code § 6.702
Answering a petition
20 days, then Monday
The date you were personally served with citation
Tex. R. Civ. P. 99
Residency to file
6 / 90 months / days
Backwards from the date of filing
Tex. Fam. Code § 6.301
Protective order hearing
14 days to hearing
The date the application is filed
Tex. Fam. Code § 84.001
Modifying primary residence
1 year affidavit gate
The date the order was rendered or the MSA was signed
Tex. Fam. Code § 156.102
Support review
3 years, 20% or $100
The date of the last support order
Tex. Fam. Code § 156.401
Appealing a final order
30 days to file notice
The date the final judgment is signed
Tex. R. App. P. 26.1
Relinquishment in adoption
48 hours after birth
The child's date of birth
Tex. Fam. Code § 161.103
Summary table for orientation only. Exceptions, tolling rules and local practice all apply, and code sections are amended. Confirm any deadline with a licensed Texas attorney.
What each one actually means
Divorce
60 days minimum
The court may not grant a divorce before the sixty-first day after the petition is filed. A narrow exception applies where the respondent has a family violence conviction or deferred adjudication against the petitioner or a household member, or where the petitioner holds an active protective order.
Sixty days is a floor, not a target. Filing early to start the clock is only useful if the rest of the case is actually moving.
Tex. Fam. Code § 6.702
Answering a petition
20 days, then Monday
Your answer is due by 10:00 am on the Monday following the expiration of twenty days after service. Not twenty days. The Monday after. Filing even a bare general denial preserves your right to be heard.
Miss it and the other side can take a default judgment on property, custody and support without you in the room.
Tex. R. Civ. P. 99
Residency to file
6 / 90 months / days
One spouse must have been a domiciliary of Texas for the preceding six months and a resident of the county of filing for the preceding ninety days. Section 6.303 treats time stationed in Texas by a servicemember as residence, which matters for Fort Bliss families.
Filing in the wrong county invites a plea to the jurisdiction and can cost you months and the filing fee.
Tex. Fam. Code § 6.301
Protective order hearing
14 days to hearing
The court sets the full hearing not later than the fourteenth day after the application is filed. A temporary ex parte order can issue the same day on a sworn showing of clear and present danger and lasts up to twenty days.
Fourteen days is short. Start gathering photographs, messages and the police report number before you file, not after.
Tex. Fam. Code § 84.001
Modifying primary residence
1 year affidavit gate
Within one year of the order, a suit to change who designates the child's primary residence must be supported by an affidavit alleging the present environment may endanger the child, or that the primary conservator has voluntarily relinquished primary care.
If the judge finds the affidavit inadequate, the case is dismissed on the papers without a hearing.
Tex. Fam. Code § 156.102
Support review
3 years, 20% or $100
You may modify support if circumstances have materially and substantially changed, or if three years have passed and the guideline amount now differs from the ordered amount by twenty percent or one hundred dollars, whichever route you can prove.
Modifications are generally effective from the date of service of the motion, not from the date your income actually changed. File promptly.
Tex. Fam. Code § 156.401
Appealing a final order
30 days to file notice
A notice of appeal is due within thirty days of the signed final order, extended to ninety days if a motion for new trial, motion to modify or request for findings of fact and conclusions of law is timely filed.
The deadline runs from the signature date on the order, not the date you received a copy in the mail.
Tex. R. App. P. 26.1
Relinquishment in adoption
48 hours after birth
An affidavit of voluntary relinquishment of parental rights may not be executed before forty-eight hours after the child's birth. Once filed, it is irrevocable after sixty days unless procured by fraud or duress.
An affidavit signed too early is void, and the termination built on it will not survive a challenge.
Tex. Fam. Code § 161.103
What happens if one is missed
It depends entirely on which one. Missing an answer deadline is serious but often curable if you act before a default judgment is taken, because Texas courts can set aside a default on a proper motion. Missing an appellate deadline is usually fatal, because appellate timetables are jurisdictional and a court of appeals cannot extend them by agreement.
Answer deadline passed, no default yet: file an answer immediately. An answer on file, even late, generally prevents a no-answer default.
Default judgment already signed: a motion for new trial within thirty days, or a restricted appeal within six months in narrow circumstances. Call the same day.
Summer possession not designated by 1 April: the statutory default applies, usually 1 July to 31 July. Ask the other parent to agree in writing to a different block.
Support modification filed late: the change is generally effective from service of the motion, so the months before it are not recoverable.
Appellate deadline passed: in most cases the judgment is final. There is no general excuse for a missed notice of appeal.